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大学英语A8

一、阅读理解

Betty and Harold have been married for years. But one thing still puzzles old Harold. How is it that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa, talking, go out to a ballgame, come back three and a half hours later, and they're still sitting on the sofa? Talking? What in the world, Harold wonders, do they have to talk about? Betty shrugs. Talk? We're friends. Researching this matter called friendship, psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years interviewing more than two hundred women and men. No matter what their age, their job, their sex, the results were completely clear: women have more friendships than men, and the difference in the content and the quality of those friendships is "marked and unmistakable."

More than two-thirds of the single men Rubin interviewed could not name a best friend. Those who could were likely to name a woman. Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best friend, and almost always it was a woman. More married men than women named their wife/husband as a best friend, most trusted person, or the one they would turn to in time of emotional distress. "Most women," says Rubin, "identified at least one, usually more, trusted friends to whom they could turn in a troubled moment, and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives."

"In general," writes Rubin in her new book, "women's friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men's relationships are marked by shared activities." For the most part, Rubin says, interactions between men are emotionally controlled - a good fit with the social requirements of "manly behavior."

"Even when a man is said to be a best friend," Rubin writes, "the two share little about their innermost feelings. Whereas a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his friend's marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa."

1.What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that ______.

A.he is treated as an outsider rather than a husband

B.women have so much to share

C.women show little interest in ballgames

D.he finds his wife difficult to talk to

2.Rubin's study shows that for emotional support a married woman is more likely to turn to ______.

A.a male friend

B.a female friend

C.her parents

D.her husband

3.According to the text, which type of behavior is NOT expected of a man by society?

A.Ending his marriage without good reason.

B.Spending too much time with his friends.

C.Complaining about his marriage trouble.

D.Going out to ballgames too often.

4.Which of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph?

A.Men keep their innermost feelings to themselves.

B.Women are more serious than men about marriage.

C.Men often take sudden action to end their marriage.

D.Women depend on others in making decisions.

5.The research done by psychologist Rubin centers around _____.

A.happy and successful marriages

B.friendships of men and women

C.emotional problems in marriage

D.interactions between men and women

A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.

Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.

Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner - amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.

The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.

6.In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________.

A.rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US

B.small-minded officials deserve a serious comment

C.Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors

D.most Americans are ready to offer help

7.It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________.

A.culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship

B.courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated

C.various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends

D.social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions

8.Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________.

A.to improve their hard life

B.in view of their long-distance travel

C.to add some flavor to their own daily life

D.out of a charitable impulse

9.The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________.

A.tends to be superficial and artificial

B.is generally well kept up in the United States

C.is always understood properly

D.has something to do with the busy tourist trails

10.What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness?

A.Favorable.

B.Unfavorable.

C.Indifferent.

D.Neutral.

二、词汇与语法

11.Vacuum-packed ham slices should be ________ 30 minutes before serving.

A.unlocked

B.unwrapped

C.uncovered

D.unearthed

12.Without proper lessons, you could _______ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.

A.keep up

B.catch up

C.pick up

D.draw up

13.Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

A.lacked

B.lacking of

C.lacking

D.lacked in

14.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.

A.seated

B.seating

C.seat

D.to be seating

15.If the rain doesn't stop, people will be faced ________ serious flooding.

A.to

B.about

C.by

D.with

16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants.

A.however

B.whatever

C.whichever

D.whenever

17.- How exciting! I drove my new car at a speed of 110km/h on Sunday morning.

- Were you crazy? You ________ yourself!

A.must have killed

B.would have killed

C.should have killed

D.could have killed

18.The hurricane left, _______ the ruins to this area.

A.to be left

B.leaving

C.to leave

D.left

19.Scarcely had the car stopped ________ the cell phone began to ring.

A.than

B.when

C.after

D.before

20.It's sometimes hard to ________ one twin from the other.

A.tell

B.say

C.speak

D.talk

三、完型填空

In November of 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt was on a hunting trip in Mississippi. His hunt was going __21__ that day, and he couldn't seem to find anything worth of __22__ his rifle. Then, his staff captured a black baby bear for the president to shoot, but he could not. The thought of shooting a bear that was tied to a tree did not seem sporting, so he __23__ the life of the baby bear and set it free.

Based on this story, a famous political cartoonist for the Washington Star drew a cartoon, which showed Teddy Roosevelt, rifle __24__, with his back turned on a cute baby bear. Morris Michtom, owner of a Brooklyn toy store, was __25__ by the cartoon to make a stuffed baby bear. Intending it only as a display, he placed the stuffed bear in his toy store __26__, and next to it placed a copy of the cartoon from the newspaper. To Michtom's surprise, his store was flooded by customers __27__ to buy. He asked for and received President Roosevelt's __28__ to use his name for the hand-sewn bears that he and his wife made, and the "Teddy Bear" was born! Michtom was soon manufacturing Teddy Bear __29__ thousands. The money from the sale enabled him, in 1903, to __30__ the Ideal Toy Company.

21.

A.hastily

B.poorly

C.punctually

D.steadily

22.

A.supporting

B.opening

C.shouldering

D.firing

23.

A.spared

B.protected

C.saved

D.checked

24.

A.in his hand

B.in the hand

C.in hands

D.in hand

25.

A.encouraged

B.inspired

C.urged

D.pictured

26.

A.window

B.door

C.table

D.counter

27.

A.eager

B.interested

C.reluctant

D.straight

28.

A.order

B.permission

C.argument

D.file

29.

A.at

B.of

C.by

D.for

30.

A.sell

B.change

C.form

D.invest

四、汉译英

31.电视上动画片太多了，以致于很多孩子熬夜看电视。

ere are so many cartoons on TV that many children stay up late to watch them.

32.这是你自己的错，不要将工作的失败归咎于别人。

’s your fault. Don’t blame others for the failure of your work.

33.由于2008年的奥运会，北京发生了重大变化。

e to/Because of 2008 Olympic Games, great changes in Beijing/great changes have taken place in Beijing.

34.我们会尽最大努力来帮助她做这个工作。

will do/try our best to help her with her/the work.

五、写作

35.写作

Instructions:Your essay should be no less than 150 words.

You are to write an essay on the topic “Healthy Relationships”. You should base your essay on the outline below:

a)建立良好的家庭关系的必要性

b)建立良好的社会关系的必要性

c)建立良好的人际关系的几个要素