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大学英语A2

一、阅读理解

Elderly people respond best to a calm and unhurried environment. This is not always easy to provide as their behavior can sometimes be irritating. If they get excited or upset then they may become more difficult to look after. Although sometimes it can be extremely difficult, it is best to be patient and not to get upset yourself. You should always encourage old people to do as much as possible for themselves but be ready to lend a helping hand when necessary.

Failing memory makes it difficult for the person to recall all the basic kinds of information we take for granted. The obvious way to help in this situation is to supply the information that is missing and help them make sense of what is going on. You must use every opportunity to provide information but remember to keep it simple and straightforward.

"Good morning, Mum. This is Fiona, your daughter. It is eight o'clock, so if you get up now, we can have breakfast downstairs."

When the elderly person makes confused statements，e.g. about going out to his or her old employment or visiting a dead relative, correct in a calm matter-of-fact fashion: "You don't work in the office any more. You are retired now. Will you come and help me with the dishes?"

We rely heavily on the information provided by signposts, clocks, calendars and newspapers. These assist us to organize and direct our behavior. Confused old people need these aids all the time to compensate for their poor memory. Encourage them to use reminder boards or diaries for important coming events and label the contents of different cupboards and drawers. Many other aids such as information cards, old photos, scrap books, and addresses or shopping list could help in individual case.

1.Why can't we always keep calm in front of old people?

A.Because old people sometimes annoy us.

B.Because old people sometimes don't understand us.

C.Because we are sometimes in a bad mood.

D.Because we are sometimes in a hurry.

2.What happens to elderly people's memory according to the passage?

A.Their memory becomes worse and recalls basic things as granted.

B.Their memory becomes worse and can't remember basic things.

C.They can't remember their failures.

D.They can only remember past failures.

3.Paragraph 3 gives an example illustrating ______.

A.how to provide simple, direct information

B.a daughter's care for her mother

C.a daughter's duty to her mother

D.the right procedure of helping the old

4.Why are old people encouraged to use diaries?

A.Because diaries can replace reminder boarders.

B.Because diaries are simple to use.

C.Because diaries help make up for poor memory.

D.Because diaries can label the contents of cupboards.

5.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.What happens to old people with failing memory.

B.How to help old people with failing memory.

C.Why old people have poor memory.

D.How to improve bad memory.

Remember global warming? Back in December, the threat of climate change was thundering and the rich countries agreed to cut their carbon-dioxide and other green-house-related emissions. Since then, interest has cooled markedly, and many European countries are already running away from the promises they made so loudly a few months ago. But there has been much talk, and a bit of action, to encourage renewable energies such as wind, hydro, solar and all living organisms. These emit no greenhouse gases, but tend to cost more than coal, oil or gas.

The better, simpler idea is to remember that the easiest way to reduce something is to tax it - in this case, by taxing the carbon content power. The dirtier the power, the more tax it would pay. So dirty coal would be more expensive than clean coal, which would see its price rise in relation to oil, which would be more expensive compared with gas, which would lose some of its price advantage over renewables.

Unless a carbon tax was so huge as to be economically crippling, it would not remove the price differential between all renewables and fossil fuels. But it would narrow that gap, by fixing the differing environmental costs into the price - a useful principle in itself. It would also give renewable producers a strong incentive to cut costs, and fossil-fuel suppliers the motivation to clean their products.

Precedents suggest strongly that a carbon tax would be effective. But the disadvantage to carbon tax is political. After almost a decade of trying, the European Union gave up an attempt at a European carbon tax last year. ’s ruling coalition is fighting against a proposed energy tax. In , politicians believe that even mentioning the notion is certain death. But many of the political objections could be met if a carbon tax were made up for the loss elsewhere, for example by lowering payroll or sales taxes. There is always suspicion when governments come up with clever new ways to tax, and rightly so. The response to that suspicion should be to win the argument, not to abandon it.

6.According to the passage, the easiest way to remove global warming is ___________.

A.to encourage people to use renewable energies

B.to cut down the cost of wind, hydro, solar and all living organisms

C.to force people to pay more tax for the carbon content of power

D.to talk less but act more

7.The standard of paying tax was _________.

A.that the more carbon content of power it contained, the higher tax one would pay

B.that oil would be more expensive than clean coal

C.that renewables would be most expensive of all

D.in the order that renewables are the most expensive while clean coal the cheapest

8.We can infer from the passage that carbon tax ___________.

A.may not be as effective as people expect

B.has encouraged renewable producers to cut costs

C.has reduced consumption of the carbon content energy successfully

D.couldn’t be that effective if fossil fuels would not be forbidden

9.The word “crippling”(Para. 3) most probably means _________.

A.greatly increasing

B.seriously weakening

C.sharply declining

D.abruptly halting

10.The reason why many countries stopped introducing carbon tax eventually was mainly that ___________.

A.governments had tried to put it into effect for many years but with no obvious result

B.if one country made up the loss by paying the carbon tax, other countries would follow it

C.governments were afraid of being suspected if they adopted the new tax

D.governments had been discussing what to do with carbon tax for a long time, but they hadn’t come to an agreement

二、词汇与语法

11.After what he has done for you, I think you should have given him some support, _______ you disagree with him.

A.no matter what

B.however much

C.whatever

D.wherever

12. has been following the foreign policy to develop relations with other countries on the _______ of the five principles of peaceful co-existence.

A.basis

B.bases

C.ground

D.foundation

13.Only after he has acquired considerable facility in speaking _______ to learn to read and write.

A.he began

B.will he begin

C.did he begin

D.must he begin

14.Not only _______ our money, but we were also in danger of losing our lives.

A.we lost

B.lost we

C.we did lose

D.did we lose

15.You should give the application to the man ______ at that chair.

A.sits

B.to sit

C.sat

D.sitting

16.By the time he arrives in , we ________ here for two days.

A.shall stay

B.have been staying

C.will have stayed

D.have stayed

17.You must speak slowly, so that you can make yourself ________.

A.understood

B.being understood

C.understanding

D.to be understood

18._______ his number for an hour only to hear a busy signal, she became impatient and called the operator for assistance.

A.Dialing

B.Dialed

C.Having dialed

D.To dial

19.This famous temple is believed _________ about 800 years ago.

A.being built

B.having built

C.to have built

D.to have been built

20.In recent years much more emphasis has been put ________ developing the students' productive skills.

A.onto

B.over

C.in

D.on

三、完型填空

Everyone likes a person with good manners but no one likes a person with bad manners.

"Yes," you may say, "__21__ what are good manners? How do I know what to do and what not to do?"

Here are some examples of the things that a well-mannered person does or does not do. He never __22__ at people when they are in trouble. __23__, he tries to help them. He is always kind, never cruel, __24__ to people or animals. When people are waiting for a bus, or in a post office, he takes his turn. He does not push __25__ the front of the queue. In the bus, he gives his seat to an older person or a lady who is standing. If he accidentally bumps into someone, or gets in their way, he says "__26__me" or "I'm sorry".

He says "please" when making a request, and "Thank you" when he receives __27__. He stands up when speaking to a lady or an older person, and he does not sit down __28__ the other person is seated. He does not __29__ other people when they are talking. He does not talk too much himself. He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. When eating, he does not speak __30__ his mouth full of food. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes（打喷嚏） or coughs.

21.

A.therefore

B.or

C.but

D.so

22.

A.smiles

B.laughs

C.enjoys

D.delights

23.

A.Instead

B.Instead of

C.Rather than

D.Though

24.

A.both

B.nor

C.neither

D.either

25.

A.in

B.for

C.to

D.before

26.

A.Pardon

B.Forgive

C.Release

D.Excuse

27.

A.anything

B.something

C.everything

D.one thing

28.

A.even though

B.as

C.so that

D.until

29.

A.interrupt

B.join

C.mix up

D.bother

30.

A.when

B.with

C.after

D.since

四、汉译英

31.是信息技术使大众教育成为可能。

is information technology that makes mass education possible.

32.我们必须努力学习，否则就无法通过考试。

must study hard, or/otherwise we will not /can't pass the exam.

33.毕业之后，我们仍然通过电子邮件保持联系。

ter graduation, we still stay / keep in touch with each other through/by e-mail.

34.老板告诉我们这项工作必须在圣诞节前完成。

e boss told us that the work must be finished before Christmas.

五、写作

35.写作

Instructions:Your essay should be no less than 150 words.

You are to write an email to a friend who failed to attend an interesting party. You should base your email on the outline below:

1.问候并表达对朋友没能参加聚会的遗憾

2.描述聚会的场景（如地点、参加的人员、食物、有趣的事件等）

3.邀请朋友参加下次的聚会