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Assignment of Chapter 1

Test of Chapter 1

1、【单选题】Materials are defined as used by man to produce items which constitute the support for his living environment.

A、resources

B、substance

C、solids

D、thing

2、【单选题】 focus on how to translate or transform materials into a useful device or structure.

A、material scientists

B、material scientists and engineers

C、material engineers

D、material researchers

3、【单选题】 contain a large percentage of iron such as the steels and cast irons.

A、 ferrous metal and alloys

B、 nonferrous metal and alloys

C、 rare metal and alloys

D、precious metal and alloys

4、【单选题】 is the direct conversion of solar into electrical energy has been demonstrated.

A、new energy

B、nuclear energy

C、Hydrogen fuel cell

D、solar cell

5、【单选题】 are non capable of being regenerated.

A、Solar cell

B、Nonrenewable materials

C、Hydrogen fuel cell

D、Wind energy

6、【多选题】Many of polymers are organic compounds that are chemically based on , , and other nonmetallic elements

A、oxygen

B、hydrogen

C、carbon

D、nitrogen

7、【多选题】Materials science and engineering (MSE) is an interdisciplinary field concerned with inventing new materials and improving previously known materials by developing the deeper understanding of - -synthesis - - relationship

A、 microstructure

B、composition

C、properties

D、processing

E、manufacture

8、【判断题】Atomic level structure involves electrons within the individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei.

A、正确

B、错误

9、【判断题】The term processing refers to how materials are made from naturally occurring or man-made chemical.

A、正确

B、错误

10、【判断题】Many of the common characteristics of material within a category araise from the lowest level of the structure, the nature of the atomic bond that hold them together.

A、正确

B、错误

11、【判断题】Structurally, most polymeric materials are crystalline, but some consist of mixture of crystalline and noncrystalline regions.

A、正确

B、错误

12、【判断题】We can consider the properties of a material in two categroies—chemical and physical.

A、正确

B、错误

13、【填空题】Polymers are molecules composed of many mers bonded together.

A、

14、【填空题】Ceramic materials are materials that consist of metallic and nonmetallic elements chemically bonded together.

A、

15、【填空题】Most ceramic materials have high hardness and high-temperature strength but tend to be .

A、

16、【填空题】Metals are commonly divided into two classes: metal and metals.

A、

17、【填空题】Most composite materials consist of a selected or reinforcing material and a compatible resin to obtain the specific characteristics and properties desired.

A、

18、【填空题】Usually, the composites do not in each other, and they can be physically identified by an interface between them.

A、

19、【填空题】On a(an) level, structure encompasses the organization of atoms or molecules relative to one another.

A、

20、【填空题】In materials, an underlying truth is: materials depend on the material microstructure, which in turn results from its and processing.

A、

21、【填空题】One of the most important functions of materials is to establish the relationship between a material or a device’s properties and performance and the microstructure of that material, its composition, and the way the material or the device was synthesized and processed.

A、

22、【填空题】Material science is a scientific discipline that is primarily concerned with the of the basic knowledge about the internal structure, properties and processing of materials.

A、

Assignment of Chapter 2

Test of Chapter 2

1、【单选题】Traditional ceramics are made of different types of （）

A、aluminate

B、silica

C、 silicates

D、calcium sulfate

2、【单选题】For both uniaxial pressing and isostatic pressing procedures, a（） operation is required after the pressing operation.

A、drying

B、firing

C、cooling

D、compacting

3、【单选题】Ceramics do not have a （） because they do not plastically deform.

A、tensile strength

B、bending strength

C、compressive strength

D、yield strength

4、【单选题】In amorphous solids, it is believed that the atomic structure of a glass lacks any （） which is evidenced by X-ray diffraction analysis

A、long-range translational periodicity

B、long-range disorder

C、short-range order

D、short-range disorder

5、【单选题】One of the most important properties of molten glass is （）, which changes dramatically as the temperature changes.

A、glass transition temperature

B、viscosity

C、surface tension

D、surface energy

6、【单选题】This may seem strange, but theoretically glass should be very strong because of the nature of its （） bonds.

A、ionic

B、covalent

C、interatomic

D、metallic

7、【单选题】The main chemical composition of gypsum is （）

A、calcium sulfate

B、calcium aluminate

C、CaO

D、Al2O3

8、【单选题】（） strength may be defined as the measured maximum resistance of a concrete or mortar specimen to axial loading.

A、Tension

B、Compressive

C、Bending

D、Yield

9、【单选题】The strength of concrete is generally expressed in megapascals (MPa) at an age of （）-days.

A、7

B、27

C、28

D、30

10、【单选题】Which of the following does not belong to concrete durability.（）

A、resistance to freezing and thawing

B、thermal shock resistance

C、chloride resistance

D、chemical resistance

11、【多选题】What sets ceramics apart is their set of properties common to nearly all forms.Those properties are （）

A、extreme hardness

B、heat resistance

C、 corrosion resistance

D、electrical and thermal conductivity

E、low ductility

F、brittleness

12、【多选题】The multistage fabrication process for advanced ceramics includes（）

A、powder production

B、forming

C、sintering

D、supercooling

E、drying

13、【多选题】glass has many unique characteristics. Considering the structure and properties of glass, the four most significant characteristics are: （）, （）, （）, and the continuity and irreversibility of property change

A、brittleness

B、isotropy

C、metastability

D、no fixed melting point

14、【多选题】The raw materials of the clinker of Portland cement include （）

A、well-grading aggregates

B、mixing clay

C、lime-bearing minerals

D、gypsum

15、【多选题】The product methods of the rapid-hardening Portland cements include （）

A、adding gypsum

B、increasing the alite content

C、finer grinding of the clinker

D、finer grinding or better mixing of the raw materials

16、【判断题】The silicate structures can link by sharing the atoms in three corners of the SiO4 tetrahedrons, forming chain or ring structures.

A、正确

B、错误

17、【判断题】For advanced ceramic, what is new are the many processes developed in recent years to produce them.

A、正确

B、错误

18、【判断题】The surface tension implies the energy needed to create a unit area of the surface, and the surface energy means the force acting on a unit distance in the surface.

A、正确

B、错误

19、【判断题】Many glasses are electrolytic conductors at elevated temperatures.

A、正确

B、错误

20、【判断题】White cement is achieved by decreasing the ratio of Al2O3 to Fe2O3 in the raw materials.

A、正确

B、错误

21、【填空题】Ceramics are, by nature, generally porous materials with varying degrees of （）.

A、

22、【填空题】Two common shaping techniques are utilized for forming clay-based compositions: （）and（）

A、

23、【填空题】The hot step of ceramic processing, in which the green compact is first subjected to heat to （） up any liquid phase formed during the processing and then subjected to higher heating, known as firing, sintering, or （）.

A、

24、【填空题】Glasses are （）, not （） at all.

A、

25、【填空题】Unlike crystals, glasses do not have well defined melting points, but exhibit a （） Tg.

A、

26、【填空题】The clinker product of Portland cement need to add gypsum to （）the （）process.

A、

27、【填空题】Concrete is basically a mixture of two components: （） and a （）.

A、

28、【填空题】Workability of （） concrete has a direct effect on the （）and constructibility.

A、

29、【填空题】Concrete used in water-retaining structures or exposed to weather or other severe exposure condition must be virtually （） or （）.

A、

30、【填空题】 The cause of cracks in concrete are: stress due to applied （） and stress due to temperature or （） change when concrete is restrained。

A、

Assignment of Chapter 3

Test of Chapter 3

1、【单选题】（）is a homogeneous part or aggregation of material that differs from another part due to difference in structure.

A、Liquidus

B、Solution

C、Phase

D、Solidus

2、【单选题】The noble or precious metals are a group of （）elements that have some physical characteristics in common.

A、six

B、seven

C、eight

D、nine

3、【单选题】The （）steels are hardest, strongest, and yet least ductile of the carbon steels， and wear resistant and capable of holding a sharp cutting edge.

A、low-carbon

B、medium-Carbon

C、high-carbon

D、mild

4、【单选题】For most cast irons the carbon exists as （）

A、cementite

B、graphite

C、martensitic

D、austenitic

5、【单选题】（） is also called tensile strength, which is obtained at the plastic deformation region from the stress-strain diagram.

A、Ultimate strength

B、Yield strength

C、Fracture strength

D、Compressive strength

6、【单选题】A vacancy, caused by an atom missing from a lattice site, is a type of （） defects

A、line

B、point

C、space

D、area

7、【单选题】A wax or plastic die is appropriate for （）

A、sand casting

B、die casting

C、continuous casting

D、investment casting

8、【单选题】Forming operations are those in which the shape of a metal piece is changed by （）deformation.

A、elastic

B、plastic

C、severe

D、slight

9、【单选题】The predominant alloying element of the stainless steel is （）

A、manganese

B、chromium

C、carbon

D、nickel

10、【单选题】（） is an alloy of Cu-Zn.

A、brass

B、copper

C、bronze

D、aluminum

11、【多选题】The most common cast iron types are（）

A、gray cast iron

B、nodular cast iron

C、white cast iron

D、malleable cast iron

12、【多选题】When an alloy is at a temperature above the solidus but below the liquidus, it coexists as （）

A、Liquid

B、Gas

C、Solid

D、Plasma

13、【多选题】Phase diagram is the graphical representation of a material system under varying conditions of （）

A、temperature

B、structure

C、composition

D、processing

14、【多选题】From this diagram, a lot of information can be got such as（）

A、yield point

B、ultimate strength

C、fracture pointtensile strength

D、fracture point

15、【多选题】Based on their dimensionality, defects are classified into （）, （）and （）.

A、point defects

B、 line defects

C、space defect

D、area defects

16、【多选题】Typical lattices of most metals are（）

A、Body-Centered Cubic

B、Orthorhombic

C、Hexagonal Close-Packed

D、Face-Centered Cubic

17、【多选题】Possible alternations in the HAZ include the following（）

A、recrystallization and grain growth

B、forming the residual stresses

C、steel may have been heated to temperatures sufficiently high so as to form martenite

D、stainless steel may be “sensitized” during welding

18、【多选题】Protection methods against the metal corrosion include （）

A、shielding the material

B、establishing the chemical makeup

C、allowing the corrosive activity to continue

D、setting a nonstructural parts to concentrate the corrosive activity

19、【多选题】The advantages of Hot-work operation are （）

A、a increase in strength

B、successively repeat

C、large deformation

D、requiring more deformation energy

20、【判断题】When stacked together, the unit cells form the whole crystal.

A、正确

B、错误

21、【判断题】Steel is an interstitial solid solution with impurity carbon atoms in iron crystal lattice.

A、正确

B、错误

22、【判断题】A ductile metal becomes harder and stronger as it is elastically deformed.

A、正确

B、错误

23、【判断题】Ferrous metal has a relatively low density and a comparatively high electrical conductivity.

A、正确

B、错误

24、【判断题】Metal processing techniques are normally preceded by refining, alloying and often heat-treating process.

A、正确

B、错误

25、【填空题】（） metals, by definition, have melting points are above 2000℃, some of them reaching as high as 3426℃.

A、

26、【填空题】（） alloys, in which, iron is the principal constituent, include steels and cast irons.

A、

27、【填空题】The（） steels are highly resistant to corrosion (rusting) in a variety of environments, especially the ambient atmosphere.

A、

28、【填空题】The third type of point defect is impurity atom. Impurities can be classified as（）间隙 impurity atom or （）置换impurity atom.

A、

29、【填空题】Metal corrosion can be calssified according to the two major processes by which it occurs.One is （） 直接氧化corrosion，the second process is （）电化学 corrosion

A、

30、【填空题】The precipitation hardening processes include （） heat treatment and （） heat treatment.

A、

Assignment of Chapter 5

Test of Chapter 5

1、【多选题】The matrix is the binder material that （） the fibers.

A、separates

B、dissolves

C、supports

D、protects

2、【多选题】（）are offered by metal matrices than those offered by their plastic counterparts.

A、higher strength

B、fracture toughness

C、stiffness

D、elastic

3、【多选题】In order to improve（） at the interface, the surface of the （） must be treated.

A、adhesion

B、structure

C、matrix

D、reinforcement

4、【多选题】The majority of composite use two consistuents: （）

A、matrix

B、fiber

C、resin

D、reinforcement

5、【多选题】According to source, composite materials divided into: （）

A、conductive composite materials

B、natural composite materials

C、artificial composite materials

D、damping composites

6、【判断题】The matrix typically has a higher density, stiffness, and strength than the fibers.

A、正确

B、错误

7、【判断题】Fibers must often be chemically treated to ensure proper adhesion to the matrix.

A、正确

B、错误

8、【判断题】The primary function of fibers or reinforcements is to carry load along the length of the fiber to provide strength and stiffness in one direction.

A、正确

B、错误

9、【判断题】It is of great important to be able to predict the properties of a composite, given the component properties and their geometric arrangement.

A、正确

B、错误

10、【判断题】Composite in which the reinforcements are continuous fibers or whiskers can be produced so that the reinforcements have either random or biased orientation.

A、正确

B、错误

11、【填空题】The physical properties of composite materials are generally not （）(independent of direction of applied force) in nature, but rather are typically （）(different depending on the direction of the applied force or load).

A、

12、【填空题】For many materials, much higher strength can be achieved in（）form than in （） form.

A、

Assignment of Chapter 6

Test of Chapter 6

1、【单选题】In a lithium-ion battery, lithium ions move from the （） to （） electrode during discharge, and back when charging.

A、positive electrode ； negative electrode

B、positive electrode ；electrolyte

C、negative electrode ； positive electrode

D、negative electrode ；electrolyte

2、【单选题】In the fuel cell，the （） is a substance specifically designed so ions can pass through it, but electrons cannot.

A、anode

B、cathode

C、catalyst

D、electrolyte

3、【单选题】Nanorods and nanowires are （） nanomaterials.

A、0-D

B、1-D

C、2-D

D、3-D

4、【多选题】Which of the following are the advantages of lithium ion batteries（）

A、portable

B、the best energy densities

C、significant memory effect

D、a slow loss of charge when not in use

5、【多选题】The fuel cells consist of （）

A、an anode

B、a electrode

C、a cathode

D、a electrolyte

6、【多选题】According the type of electrolyte they use, the fuel cells are devided into （）

A、AFC

B、PAFC

C、PEMFC

D、MCFC

E、SOFC

7、【多选题】Nanoscience is the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at（）scales, where properties differ significantly from at large scale.

A、atomic

B、molecular

C、macromolecular

D、crystalline

8、【多选题】A photoelectronic materials can （） optoelectronic signals.

A、produce

B、transform

C、transmit

D、save

9、【判断题】Li-ion batteries use an metallic lithium compound as the electrode material。

A、正确

B、错误

10、【判断题】A solar cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into direct current.

A、正确

B、错误

11、【判断题】Metal hydrides, with varying degrees of efficiency, can be used as a storage medium for hydrogen, often reversibly.

A、正确

B、错误

12、【判断题】Typically metals have larger thermapowers than semiconductors.

A、正确

B、错误

13、【判断题】Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they can produce alternating current continually.

A、正确

B、错误

14、【填空题】Hydrogen fuel is a （） fuel which uses electrochemical cells, or combustion in internal engines

A、

15、【填空题】The （） of a material is a measure of the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage in response to a temperature difference across that material.

A、

16、【填空题】An applied temperature difference causes charged carriers in the material, whether they are （） or （）, to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side.

A、

17、【填空题】A lithium-ion battery is a family of （）可充电的 battery

A、

18、【填空题】光伏效应（）

A、

Assignment of Chapter 7

Test of Chapter 7

1、【单选题】（） is the study of interaction of infrared light with matter, which can be used to identify unknown materials, examine the quality of a sample or determine the amount of components in a mixture.

A、DSC

B、DTA

C、XRD

D、IR

2、【单选题】（） is a rapid analytical technique primarily used for phase identification of a crystalline material and can provide information on unit cell dimension

A、DSC

B、DTA

C、XRD

D、IR

3、【单选题】（） is a method of thermal analysis which measures the difference in heat flow rate between a sample and inert reference as a function of time and temperature.

A、DSC

B、TG

C、RGA

D、DTA

4、【单选题】Before carrying out the characterization, one vital procedure is （）

A、forming

B、sampling

C、casting

D、forging

5、【单选题】（） is a quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material.

A、XRD

B、EDS

C、IR

D、XPS

6、【单选题】Mass Spectrometry (MS) is the science of displaying the spectra of the masses of the （） comprising a sample of material.

A、atoms

B、molecules

C、ions

D、cations

7、【单选题】（）involves passing visible light transmitted through or reflected from the sample, through a single or multiple lenses to allow a magnified view of a sample.

A、Optical microscopy

B、Digital microscopy

C、Scanning electron microscopy

D、Transmission electron microscopy

8、【多选题】Which of the following belongs to phase analysis?（）

A、XRD

B、DSC

C、SEM

D、IR

9、【多选题】XRD can be used to analysis（）

A、Composition of materials

B、Characterization of crystalline materials

C、Determination of unit cell dimension

D、Measurement of sample purity

10、【多选题】The analysis and testing techniques can be classified into several catalogues（）

A、chemical composition analysis

B、phase analysis

C、microstructure analysis

D、testing for properties

11、【多选题】The most common microscopies are （） microscopy and （） microscopy.（）

A、photoelectron

B、optical

C、electron

D、SEM

12、【多选题】The typed of signals produced by a SEM include:（）

A、secondary electron (SE)

B、back-scattered electron(BSE)

C、characteristic X-rays

D、light(cathoduluminescence)(CL)

13、【多选题】Which of the following belongs to composition analysis？（）

A、XRD

B、XPS

C、EDS

D、DSC

14、【判断题】DTA measures the energy required to keep both the reference and the sample at the same temperature whereas DSC measures the deference in temperature between the sample and the reference when they are both put under the same heat.

A、正确

B、错误

15、【判断题】Infrared spectrosocopy exploits the fact that molecules absorb specific frequencies that are characteristic of their structure. These absorptions are resonant frequencies, i.e. the frequency of the absorbed radiation matched the transition energy of the bond or group that vibrate.

A、正确

B、错误

16、【判断题】The same chemical composition could result in the same phase with similar properties.

A、正确

B、错误

17、【判断题】The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the inside of solid specimens.

A、正确

B、错误

18、【判断题】In SEM, magnification is controlled by objective lens power.

A、正确

B、错误

19、【填空题】Thes analysis etechniques for chemical composition could be classified as （）(光谱学), which is study of the interaction between matters and radiated energy.

A、

20、【填空题】Since all groups have their （）特征振动频率, information regarding molecular structure can be gained from the spectrum.

A、

21、【填空题】TEMs produce （）高分辨率, two-dimensional images, allowing for a wide range of applications.

A、