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Responding to Reading

Skimming

1、【单选题】Go through the passage “Body Language” within 1 minute, and answer the question that follows. (Tips: Read the first sentence of each paragraph.)Body Language What does scientific literature tell us about the idea that body language reflects our real feelings? One experiment carried out about 10 years ago by Ross Buck from Carnegie-Mellon University in Pennsylvania suggests that spontaneous facial expression is not a very good index of real emotional state. Buck and his colleagues tested the accuracy with which people could identify the emotions felt by another person. They presented one set of subjects with color slides involving a variety of emotionally-loaded visual stimuli - such as scenic slides (landscapes, etc), maternal slides (mothers and young children), disgusting slides (severe facial injuries and burns) and unusual slides (art objects). Unknown to these subjects, they were being televised and viewed by another matched set of subjects, who were asked to decide, on the basis of the televised facial expressions, which of the four sets of slides had just been viewed. This experiment involved both male and female pairs, but no pairs comprising both men and women; that is men observed only men, and women observed women. Buck found that the female pairs correctly identified almost 40 per cent of the slides used - this was above the level which would be predicted by chance alone. (Chance level is 25 per cent here, as there were four classes of slide). But male pairs correctly identified only 28 per cent of slides - not significantly above chance level. In other words, this study suggests that facial expression is not a very good index of real feeling - and in the case of men watching and interpreting other men, is almost useless.Paul Ekman from the University of California has conducted a long series of experiments on nonverbal leakage (or how nonverbal behavior may reveal real inner states) which has yielded some more positive and counter-intuitive results. Ekman has suggested that nonverbal behavior may indeed provide a clue to real feelings and has explored in some detail people actively involved in deception, where their verbal language is not a true indication of how they really feel. Ekman here agrees with Sig 广东开放大学 mund Freud, who was also convinced of the importance of nonverbal behavior in spotting deception when he wrote: He that has eyes to see and ears to hear may convince himself that no mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his finger-tips; betrayal oozes out of him at every pore.Ekman predicted that the feet and legs would probably hold the best clue to deception because although the face sends out very quick instantaneous messages, people attend to and receive most feedback from the face and therefore try to control it most. In the case of the feet and legs the transmission time is much longer but we have little feedback from this part of the body. In other words, we are often unaware of what we are doing with our feet and legs. Ekman suggested that the face is equipped to lie the most (because we are often aware of our facial expression) and to leak the most (because it sends out many fast momentary messages) and is therefore going to be a very confusing source of information during deception. The legs and feet would be the primary source of nonverbal leakage and hold the main clue to deception. The form the leakage in the legs and feet would take would include aggressive foot kicks, flirtatious leg displays, abortive restless flight movements. Clues to deception could be seen in tense leg positions, frequent shifts of leg posture, and in restless or repetitive leg and foot movements.Ekman conducted a series of experiments to test his speculations, some involving psychiatric patients who were engaging in deception, usually to obtain release from hospital. He made films of interviews involving the patients and showed these, without sound, to one of two groups of observers. One group viewed only the face and head, the other group, the body from the neck down. Each observer was given a list of 300 adjectives describing attitudes, emotional state, and so on, and had to say which adjectives best described the patients. The results indicated quite dramatically that individuals who utilized the face tended to be misled by the patients, whereas those who concentrated on the lower body were much more likely to detect the real state of the patients and not be misled by the attempted deception.These studies thus suggest that some body language may indeed reflect our real feelings, even when we are trying to disguise them. Most people can, however, manage to control facial expression quite well and the face often seems to provide little information about real feeling. Paul Ekman has more recently demonstrated that people can be trained to interpret facial expression more accurately but this, not surprisingly, is a slow laborious process. Ekman's research, suggests that the feet and legs betray a great deal about real feelings and attitudes but the research is nowhere near identifying the meanings of particular foot movements. Ray Birdwhistell of the Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute has gone some way towards identifying some of the basic nonverbal elements of the legs and feet, and as a first approximation has identified 58 separate elements. But the meanings of these particular elements are far from clear and neither are the rules for combining the elements into larger meaningful units. Perhaps in years to come we will have a language of the feet provided that we can successfully surmount the problems described earlier in identifying the basic forms of movement following Birdwhistell's pioneering efforts, of how they may combine into larger units, and in teaching people how they might make sense of apparently contradictory movements. In the meantime, if you go to a party and find someone peering intently at your feet - beware. *********************************************************Question:What does this passage want to tell the readers?

A、Researchers have developed a thorough knowledge about body language.

B、Spontaneous facial expression is not a very good index of real emotional state.

C、Some body language may indeed reflect people’s real feelings.

D、The study of body language is a newly emerged subject.

Scanning

1、【单选题】Read the passage The Discovery of X-rays quickly and choose the paragraph(s) which contain(s) the answer(s). You may choose more than one answer for question 3. The Discovery of X-rays Par. 1 Except for a brief description of the Compton effect, and a few other remarks, we have postponed the discussion of X-rays until the present chapter because it is particularly convenient to treat X-ray spectra after treating optical spectra. Although this ordering may have given the reader a distorted impression of the historical importance of X-rays, this impression will be corrected shortly as we describe the crucial role played by X-rays in the development of modern physics.Par. 2 X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Roentgen while studying the phenomena of gaseous discharge. Using a cathode ray tube with a high voltage of several tens of kilovolts, he noticed that salts of barium would fluoresce when brought near the tube, although nothing visible was emitted by the tube. This effect persisted when the tube was wrapped with a layer of black cardboard. Roentgen soon established that the agency responsible for the fluorescence originated at the point at which the stream of energetic electrons struck the glass wall of the tube. Because of its unknown nature, he gave this agency the name X-rays. He found that X-rays could manifest themselves by darkening wrapped photographic plates, discharging charged electroscopes, as well as by causing fluorescence in a number of different substances. He also found that X-rays can penetrate considerable thicknesses of materials of low atomic number, whereas substances of high atomic number are relatively opaque. Roentgen took the first steps in identifying the nature of X-rays by using a system of slits to show that (1) they travel in straight lines, and that (2) they are uncharged, because they are not deflected by electric or magnetic fields.Par. 3 The discovery of X-rays aroused the interest of all physicists, and many joined in the investigation of their properties. In 1899 Haga and Wind performed a single slit diffraction experiment with X-rays which showed that (3) X-rays are a wave motion phenomenon, and, from the size of the diffraction pattern, their wavelength could be estimated to be 10-8 cm. In 1906 Barkla proved that (4) the waves are transverse by showing that they can be polarized by scattering from many materials.Par. 4 There is, of course, no longer anything unknown about the nature of X-rays. They are electromagnetic radiation of exactly the same nature as visible light, except that their wavelength is several orde 成人学历 rs of magnitude shorter. This conclusion follows from comparing properties 1 through 4 with the similar properties of visible light, but it was actually postulated by Thomson several years before all these properties were known. Thomson argued that X-rays are electromagnetic radiation because such radiation would be expected to be emitted from the point at which the electrons strike the wall of a cathode ray tube. At this point, the electrons suffer very violent accelerations in coming to a stop and, according to classical electromagnetic theory, all accelerated charged particles emit electromagnetic radiations. We shall see later that this explanation of the production of X-rays is at least partially correct.Par. 5 In common with other electromagnetic radiations, X-rays exhibit particle-like aspects as well as wave-like aspects. The reader will recall that the Compton effect, which is one of the most convincing demonstrations of the existence of quanta, was originally observed with electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray region of wavelengths.When were X-rays discovered?

A、Par. 1

B、Par. 2

C、Par. 3

D、Par. 4

E、Par. 5

2、【单选题】Who discovered X-rays?

A、Par. 1

B、Par. 2

C、Par. 3

D、Par. 4

E、Par. 5

3、【多选题】What are the four characteristics of X-rays?

A、Par. 1

B、Par. 2

C、Par. 3

D、Par. 4

E、Par. 5

Identifying main ideas

1、【多选题】To identify the main idea of a paragraph, we can look for ________.

A、the topic sentence

B、repeated key words

C、examples

D、questions asked by the author

2、【多选题】To identifying the main idea of a text, we can ________.

A、look for topic sentences, key words and repeated information

B、look at titles and subtitles of the text

C、read the introductory and concluding paragraphs

D、look for the questions raised by the author

3、【多选题】When the main ideas are implied, we can take some steps to find the implied main ideas including________.

A、read the text

B、find out the common bond among the details

C、spot the supporting evidence

D、summarize the bond and the author’s points about the bond

4、【判断题】The main idea is the brief, not all-encompassing summary.

A、正确

B、错误

5、【判断题】The main idea is always contained in the first or the last sentence of a paragraph.

A、正确

B、错误

Responding to Reading

Distinguishing Main Ideas and Details

1、【填空题】Task 1: Match each topic sentence with a supporting detail. Topic SentenceSupporting Detail1. ___ Very few people in a new job could carry out their duties perfectly from the start.2. ___ It is worth doing a course, if that skill is in great demand at present.3. ___ Latest figures show record unemployment for 16-year-old school leavers.4. ___ This particular recruitment agency has a remarkable record of filling job vacancies.5. ___ There are lists of standard interview questions on the internet.A. This has been put down to the current economic climate, which shows no sign of improving.B. The main reason for this is that they make sure their recommended candidates are suitable.C. Employers understand that there is a learning curve in every position.D. An obvious example is computer literacy, which is a must in every office nowadays.E. These include classics like ‘What’s your greatest weakness?’ and candidates should have an answer prepared. Write down the 5 corresponding letters of the supporting details for the 5 topic sentences. (Write your answer like this: ABCDE)

A、

2、【填空题】Task 2: Match the paragraphs with the topic sentences. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. ParagraphTopic Sentence1. ___ No-one is expecting an interviewee to grin manically throughout the interview, but there’s nothing worse than a blank or worried expression. Here’s an old trick: looking up at the ceiling and raising your eyebrows just before entering the interview room will relax your face.2. ___ Interviewers spend all day listening to answers to the same set of questions, and so they would appreciate someone who is concise. Also, digressing into an anecdote about your Aunt Sandy doesn’t say much for your ability to focus on one task. If you have a relevant story to tell, practise it until you can deliver it in as few words as possible.3. ___ Scratching the nose or breaking eye contact, for example, are both sure signs that the interviewee is not being entirely honest. Someone who does not sit straight might be lazy, while someone who sits too straight is probably not creative. These are subjective and perhaps hasty judgements, but interviewers are human, like everyone else. A. Your face should be open and friendly, inviting conversation from the interviewer.B. Small details, such as posture, or the way you hold your head, have a greater impact than you can imagine.C. One interviewer we surveyed said she pays a lot of attention to a candidate’s body language.D. Candidates should keep their answers to the point, without being monosyllabic. Write down the 3 corresponding letters of the topic sentences for the 3 paragraphs.

A、

Referencing

1、【多选题】Pronouns including ________ can be used as reference words to present other elements in texts.

A、subject pronouns

B、object pronouns

C、possessive pronouns

D、reflective pronouns

2、【多选题】Which of the following words and phrases can refer to antecedents in texts?

A、Previously stated

B、And so on

C、Synonyms

D、Words presenting collective ideas

3、【判断题】Same as pronouns, noun-phrase reference words can carry precise information, making it easy for readers to follow.

A、正确

B、错误

4、【判断题】Some adjectives such as my, your, this, those, other, another, etc. and adverbs such as here and there can also be reference words.

A、正确

B、错误

5、【判断题】Writers use reference words in texts to avoid repetition of certain words and phrases.

A、正确

B、错误

Dealing with Unfamiliar Words

1、【单选题】Task: Read the article about a kind of fitness training called HIIT. Then choose the best explanations for some of the words and expressions. HIIT: Is the fitness scene's biggest fad doing more harm than good?1. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has been the darling of the fitness scene for a few years now. Fundamentally, it involves repetitions of short bursts of intense, 'maximal effort' exercise; usually for anywhere between 20 to 40 seconds.2. The theory behind HIIT is very appealing. By working out at your top level of exertion, you burn more calories in a short space of time than other workouts. What's more, studies show that your metabolism stays in a heightened state for up to 24 hours after you've finished. And in practice, HIIT can have impressive results. It's an effective tool for increasing cardiovascular fitness, sculpting your physique and increasing metabolic rate. Hence why HIIT classes are popping up all over the place. People have become accustomed to turning up to a class with loud music and dark lighting, just like a night club – and leaving in the same state: barely able to walk.3. However ... I have a big bone to pick with HIIT, which is that there's often no focus on form or technique in these classes, even though it's now prescribed as the go-to form of exercise for everyone. Instead, the measure of a good HIIT sessions seems to be how 'destroyed' you feel after a class. It's inevitable that problems arise from this 'all pain for gain' approach.4. One issue is simply that people are doing workouts that they're not conditioned for. There is no emphasis on flexibility, mobility or activation in many HIIT classes; yet all are incredibly important in keeping the body fit and healthy as you age.5. What's more, I regularly see people “smashing” multiple HIIT classes a day, 5-6 days per week. HIIT should not be done more than three times per week (at most), because it is so strenuous. It puts an incredible strain on your nervous system, joints and muscles; especially if you are overweight and unfit.6. The HIIT approach to exercise has gone OTT. It's entering unsustainable territory.7. HIIT’s rise in popularity is symptomatic of what is wrong with the fitness industry as a whole: a brazen disregard of the fundamentals, and a detrimental “one size fits all” mentality. Having trained 100s of clients in my five years as a personal trainer, the biggest issues most people have are a lack of flexibility, mobility and core strength, on top of muscle activation issues. All of the above can lead to chronic injuries and are further exacerbated by HIIT.8. My belief is that everyone should try to train like athletes do. I don’t mean the same training frequency and intensity as athletes, I mean the mentality and the approach. Having trained as a competitive sprinter for four years, I learned to take every aspect of my life into account: sleep, rest days, nutrition and weaknesses. I learnt to listen to my body. Some days I would wake up feeling tired and fatigued, so on those days I wouldn’t train hard. I would do something less intense and focus on recovery.9. Remember: burning calories isn't the be all and end all of fitness and good health. Yes, HIIT may burn more calories than any other form of exercise, but it's no use if it leads to injury or illness. Overtraining is a real danger: it can ruin your immune system, cause insomnia, affect your appetite and release cortisol, which in turn can make you more likely to put on fat. ********************************************What does the word “fad” in the title probably mean?

A、Craze.

B、Program.

C、Liar.

D、(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)

2、【单选题】What does the author mean by saying “I have a big bone to pick with HIIT” in Par.3?

A、He would like to give some suggestions for HIIT goers.

B、He recommends this popular and effective fitness training.

C、He is annoyed by it and wants to talk about it.

D、(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)

3、【单选题】What does the word “smash” probably mean in Par. 5?

A、Break something into pieces.

B、Hit something violently.

C、Do something fast or in large amount.

D、(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)

4、【单选题】What does the abbreviation “OTT” probably mean in Par. 6?

A、Beyond what is considered normal.

B、Toward the end.

C、Very popular.

D、(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)

5、【单选题】What does the word “symptomatic” mean in Par. 7?

A、Being a simple version.

B、Being a sign.

C、Being systematic.

D、(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)

6、【单选题】What does the word “fatigue” mean in Par. 8?

A、Exhausted.

B、Upset.

C、Depressed.

D、(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)

Responding to Reading

Higher order reading strategies

1、【多选题】What are the two ways of looking at the structure of a text?

A、The overall layout of the text.

B、The language it uses to connect different parts of the text into a whole.

C、The beginning of the text.

D、The conclusion of the text.

2、【多选题】Which of the following can be helpful for finding structures or patterns of a text?

A、Abstracts.

B、Introductions and conclusions.

C、Headings and subheadings.

D、Thesis statements and topic sentences.

3、【多选题】In what way a passage can be organized?

A、Order of time.

B、Order of space.

C、Order of process.

D、Order of importance.

4、【多选题】Critical reading refers to a process of reading in which readers are encouraged to ________.

A、interpret implied meaning

B、assess the author’s ideas

C、react to the ideas presented

D、synthesize and compare various sources

E、evaluate the arguments

5、【判断题】At the end of the introduction, authors often provide thesis statements, which will not only reveal the main ideas, but also the supporting evidence of the thesis statement.

A、正确

B、错误

Identifying Author's Purpose

1、【单选题】Passage 1Most of us think (erroneously) that writers just sit down and churn out a wonderful essay, story or poem in one sitting in a flash of genius and inspiration. This is not true. Experienced writers use the writing process from start to finish to help them write a clear document. If you do not reflect on your composition in stages and make changes as you develop it, you will not see all the problems or error in it. Don’t try to write an essay or story just once and leave the room. That’s a mistake made by novice writers and will be glaringly obvious to an experienced reader. Stay and look through your work. Reflect upon what you’ve composed. Even better, use a writing process where you prewrite and plan, write a rough draft, organize ideas, edit and proofread. Your writing will suffer the consequences of poor craftsmanship otherwise. The author most likely wrote the paragraph in order to:

A、explain the writing process to someone who has rarely experienced it.

B、suggest that new writers use the writing process to craft their work.

C、identify the components of the writing process and the best way to incorporate into a composition.

D、compare the writing of a novice writer with that of an experienced one.

2、【单选题】Passage 2On a highway, behind the gate of a vast garden, at the end of which could be discerned the white hues of a pretty manor house bathed in sunlight, was a beautiful, fresh child, clad in those country clothes that are so coquettish. Luxury, freedom from cares, the habitual sight of richest make such children so pretty that one is tempted to consider them molded of a different substance from the children of mediocrity and poverty.Beside him, lying on the grass, was a splendid toy, as fresh as its owner, varnished, gilded, clad in a crimson cloak and covered with plumes and glass beads. But the child was taking no notice of his favorite toy, and this is what he was looking at:On the other side of the gate, out on the roadway, among the nettles and thistles, was another child, dirty, sickly, soiled with soot, one of those pariah-kids in whom an impartial eye would discover beauty, as the eye of a connoisseur can divine an ideal painting underneath a layer of tarnish, if only the repugnant patina of poverty were washed away. -- From “The Poor Child’s Toy” by Charles Baudelaire. The author most likely mentions the physical appearance of the impoverished child in the last paragraph in order to:

A、identify the cause of the child’s poverty.

B、intensify the reader’s sympathetic reaction toward the child.

C、criticize a social upbringing that would allow a child to suffer in such a way.

D、contrast the poverty of the second child with the privilege of the first.

3、【单选题】Passage 3The high-tech world of clocks and schedules, computers and programs was supposed to free us from a life of toil and deprivation, yet with each passing day the human race becomes more enslaved, exploited, and victimized. Millions starve while a few live in splendor. The human race remains divided from itself and severed from the natural world that is its primordial community.We now orchestrate an artificial time world, zipping along the electronic circuits of silicon chips, a time world utterly alien from the time a fruit takes to ripen, or a tide takes to receded. We have sped ourselves out of the time world of nature and into a fabricated time world where experience can only be simulated but no longer savored. Our weekly routines and work lives are punctuated with artificial rhythms, the unholy union of perspective and power. And with each new electric dawn and dusk, we grow further apart from each other, more isolated and alone, more in control and less self-assured. -- From “Time Wars” by Jeremy Rifkin The author’s first paragraph primarily serves to:

A、identify the primary methods humans use to organize their lives.

B、criticize technology because it causes humans to turn from the natural world.

C、illustrate the ways in which humans are exploited by technology.

D、describe how humans have split from the natural world and have embraced technology.

4、【单选题】Passage 4When most people think of a shipwreck, they imagine the remains of a huge wooden or metal boat crashed along the bottom of the ocean. Fish swim in and out of the mangled boat’s hull, and coral and seaweed cling to its sides. Meanwhile, divers with scuba gear and cameras paddle their way into the depths to explore inside the long-forgotten vessel. They might find anything from old pottery to rusty cannons to pirate gold, but one thing is certain: the deep cold water has swallowed up the ship and kept it secret for a very long time.Surprisingly, though, water is not always a necessary element in shipwreck explorations. Few people realize that many important shipwrecks can be found on land. Trading skiffs, warships, and pirate galleons alike have been found buried deep in riverbeds, hilltops, and cornfields throughout the world. The author most likely composed these two paragraphs in order to:

A、inform the reader about surprising places shipwrecks have been found.

B、describe what a person would find if he or she visited a shipwreck.

C、compare the similarities between a water-found shipwreck and a land-found shipwreck.

D、intensify the discovery of a shipwreck by surprising the reader with a new location for finding them.

5、【单选题】Passage 5Each time a person opens his or her mouth to eat, he or she makes a nutritional decision. These selections make a definitive difference in how an individual looks, feels, and performs at work or play.When a good assortment of food like fresh fruits, leafy vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins is selected and eaten, the consequences are likely to be desirable levels for health and energy to allow one to be as active as needed. Conversely, when choices consist of processed foods like packaged cookies, crackers, and sodas, items filled with sugars, hydrogenated fats, chemicals and preservatives – all of which can be harmful in large quantities – the consequences can be poor health or limited energy or both.Studies of American diets, particularly the diets of the very young, reveal unsatisfactory dietary habits as evidenced by the numbers of overweight and out-of-shape young children. Parents, who are supposed to be masters of their children’s dietary habits, often leave nutritional choices to their children, who are not informed enough to make healthy decisions. If anyone is to blame for the childhood obesity crisis in the United States today, it is the parents who allow their children to eat nutritionally bankrupt foods. The author most likely uses the phrase “filled with sugars, hydrogenated fats, chemicals and preservatives – all of which can be harmful in large quantities”in order to:

A、criticize the growing obesity crisis in the United States.

B、contrast poor choices in children in the United States with healthy choices.

C、identify the leading chemicals in processed foods so people know what to avoid.

D、intensify the negative reaction to processed foods.

Making Predictions

1、【单选题】Here is the headline of a news article. Predict what the article might be about.Question: The news article might be about ____.

A、scientific research

B、a race between whales and sailboat

C、efforts at whale protection

D、dangers of boat racing

2、【单选题】Look at the title, subtitle, source, picture and notes of the news article introduced in task 1. Predict again what the article might be about.Scientists aim to keep whales from the being biggest losers in sailboat racesNew guidelines could help prevent often-deadly collisions with boats Washington Post, July 10, 2017 国家开放大学 ts made it so far as the welcome mat. He then took off his dusty overalls and threw them into a plastic garbage bag; Alice left a new garbage bag tied to the porch railing for him every morning. On his way in the house, he dropped the garbage bag off at the washing machine and went straight up the stairs to the shower as he was instructed. He would eat dinner with her after he was “presentable,” as Alice had often said. Question: Where does Paul most like work?

A、In a cemetery.

B、In an office building.

C、In a grocery store.

D、At a bar.

4、【单选题】Question: Where would Alice likely have the least amount of fun?

A、Going to a demolition derby.

B、Sitting in church.

C、Reading in a library.

D、Walking around a museum.

5、【单选题】Question: What is the probable relationship between Paul and Alice?

A、Best friends.

B、Husband and wife.

C、Employer and housemaid.

D、Brother and sister.

6、【单选题】Paragraph 3“Tommy!” Mom called out as she walked in the front door. “Tommy,” she continued shouting, “I sure could use some help with these groceries. There was still no reply. Mom walked into the kitchen to put the grocery bags down on the counter when she noticed shattered glass from the picture window all over the living room floor and a baseball not far from there. “I’m going to kill you, To 渝粤教育 mmy!” Mom yelled to herself as she realized that Tommy’s shoes were gone. Question: What most likely happened to the window?

A、A burglar broke in through the window.

B、Tommy broke the window with his shoes.

C、Tommy broke the window playing baseball.

D、Mom broke the window with the groceries.

7、【单选题】Question: Why was Tommy most likely gone?

A、He didn’t see the window and went to play.

B、He had to go to work in a coal mine.

C、He had been kidnapped.

D、He was scared of what his mom would do.

Making Inferences-2

1、【单选题】For the following questions, select the word with the appropriate positive connotation to complete each sentence.Most teachers think that Blanche is a very _________ young woman.

A、obstinate

B、determined

C、tenacious

D、stubborn

2、【单选题】As the boys played video games, their parents _________ them.

A、watched

B、glared at

C、scrutinized

D、studied

3、【单选题】My history teacher gives very _________ assignments.

A、taxing

B、demanding

C、challenging

D、perplexing

4、【单选题】After graduating from college, my best friend has very _________ plans for his future.

A、grandiose

B、ruthless

C、ambitious

D、pretentious

5、【单选题】For the following questions, select the word with the appropriate neutral connotation to complete each sentence.The teacher’s job is not as objective as it may seem at first; in fact, it is quite _________.

A、biased

B、unfair

C、slanted

D、subjective

6、【单选题】Given the recent _________ college standards, it seems as though anyone can get an advanced degree, nowadays.

A、decline in

B、plunge in

C、plummeting

D、demise of

7、【单选题】For the following questions, select the word with the appropriate denotation to complete each sentence. Some of the books we read are full of _________ claims, so they are difficult to absorb in just one reading.

A、complex

B、complicated

C、complicit

D、compliant

8、【单选题】Our professor’s false British accent is a humorous _________.

A、prefect

B、infect

C、affect

D、effect

Responding to Reading

Narration, description and process

1、【单选题】The purpose of description is to______.

A、make readers see, hear, feel, smell and almost taste what authors have felt, seen, smelt, heard, or tasted

B、simply discuss the situation objectively

C、simply persuade readers by the impact of the described situation subjectively

D、provide a list of events in the order that they happened

2、【单选题】The chronological order in process is ________.

A、to explain how to perform a chemistry experiment

B、to tell stories

C、to relate historical events

D、to write biographies and autobiographies

3、【多选题】Basic elements of narration are ________.

A、plot

B、characters

C、conflict

D、theme

4、【判断题】Narration provides an accurate and full account of the appearance of something or somebody.

A、正确

B、错误

5、【判断题】A fictional story one that is based on, and tries to be faithful to, actual events as they unfolded in real life.

A、正确

B、错误

Checking predictions

1、【多选题】When we check predictions, we may practice________.

A、eye fixation movements

B、graphic cues

C、previous knowledge

D、previous text

2、【多选题】When readers are making predictions, they can use clues as ________.

A、titles

B、headings and subheadings

C、diagrams and other visual information

D、pictures

3、【多选题】Readers make predictions about what they are reading based on ________.

A、semantic cues

B、syntactic cues

C、phonetic cues

D、punctuation cues

4、【判断题】When predictions don’t make semantic sense, we may give up reading.

A、正确

B、错误

5、【判断题】When making predictions, readers may need to read back to earlier parts of the text to check and remake predictions.

A、正确

B、错误

Global Understanding

1、【单选题】Read the passages below and answer the questions that follow. Questions 1–3 are based on the following passage. Wondering what to do with that old Atari Home Video Game in the attic? It’s on the wish list of the Computer Museum of America, in San Diego, California, which hopes you will donate it to their holdings. The Museum was founded in 1983 to amass and preserve historic computer equipment such as calculators, card punches, and typewriters, and now owns one of the world’s largest collections. In addition, it has archives of computer-related magazines, manuals, and books that are available to students, authors, researchers, and others for historical research. One item currently on display is a 1920s comptometer, advertised as “The Machine Gun of the Office.” The comptometer was first sneered at by accountants and bookkeepers, many of whom could add four columns of numbers in their heads. The new machine was the first that could do the work faster than humans. The comptometer gained a large following, and its operation became a formal profession that required serious training. But by the 1970s, computers took over, and comptometers, and the job of operating them, became obsolete.1. All of the following are probably part of the collection of the Computer Museum of America EXCEPT ___.‍

A、adding machines

B、operation manuals for calculators

C、card punch machines

D、kitchen scales

2、【单选题】In the second paragraph, the author used the words “sneered at” to show ___.

A、a negative image of accountants

B、what accountants and bookkeepers looked like

C、the negative reaction to the comptometer

D、the precursor of the comptometer operator

3、【单选题】What term paper topic could probably be researched at the Computer Museum of America?

A、Alexander Graham Bell’s contributions to American society

B、IBM’s contribution to the development of the modern computer

C、more than just paintings: the museums of California

D、the rise and fall of the comptometer operator

4、【单选题】Passage 2Questions 4–9 are based on the following passage. Today’s shopping mall has as its antecedents historical marketplaces, such as Greek agoras, European piazzas, and Asian bazaars. The purpose of these sites, as with the shopping mall, is both economic and social. People go not only to buy and sell wares, but also to be seen, catch up on news, and be part of the human drama. Both the marketplace and its descendant the mall might also contain restaurants, banks, theaters, and professional offices. The mall is also the product of the creation of suburbs. Although villages outside of cities have existed since antiquity, it was the technological and transportation advances of the 19th century that gave rise to a conscious exodus of the population away from crowded, industrialized cities toward quieter, more rural towns. Since the suburbs typically have no centralized marketplace, shopping centers or malls were designed to fill the needs of the changing community, providing retail stores and services to an increasing suburban population. The shopping mall differs from its ancient counterparts in a number of important ways. While piazzas and bazaars were open-air venues, the modern mall is usually enclosed. Since the suburbs are spread out geographically, shoppers drive to the mall, which means that parking areas must be an integral part of a mall’s design. Ancient marketplaces were often set up in public spaces, but shopping malls are designed, built, and maintained by a separate management firm as a unit. The first shopping mall was built by J. C. Nichols in 1922 near Kansas City, Missouri. The Country Club Plaza was designed to be an automobile-centered plaza, as its patrons drove their own cars to it, rather than take mass transportation as was often the case for city shoppers. It was constructed according to a unified plan, rather than as a random group of stores. Nichols’ company owned and operated the mall, leasing space to a variety of tenants. The first enclosed mall was the Galleria Vittoria Emanuele in Milan, Italy in 1865–77. Inspired by its design, Victor Gruen took the shopping and dining experience of the Galleria to a new level when he created the Southdale Center Mall in 1956. Located in a suburb of Minneapolis, it was intended to be a substitute for the traditional city center. The 95-acre, two-level structure had a constant climate-controlled temperature of 72 degrees, and included shops, restaurants, a school, a post office, and a skating rink. Works of art, decorative lighting, fountains, tropical plants, and flowers were placed throughout the mall. Southdale afforded people the opportunity to experience the pleasures of urban life while protected from the harsh Minnesota weather. In the 1980s, giant megamalls were developed. While Canada has had the distinction of being home to the largest of the megamalls for over twenty years, that honor will soon go to Dubai, where the Mall of Arabia is being completed at a cost of over five billion U.S. dollars. The 5.3 million square foot West Edmonton Mall in Alberta, Canada, opened in 1981, with over 800 stores, 110 eating establishments, a hotel, an amusement park, a miniature-golf course, a church, a zoo, and a 438-foot-long lake. Often referred to as the “eighth wonder of the world,” the West Edmonton Mall is the number-one tourist attraction in the area, and will soon be expanded to include more retail space, including a facility for sports, trade shows, and conventions. The largest enclosed megamall in the United States is Blooming-ton, Minneapolis’s Mall of America, which employs over 12,000 people. It has over five hundred retail stores, an amusement park which includes an indoor roller coaster, a walk-through aquarium, a college and a wedding chapel. The mall contributes over one billion dollars each year to the economy of the state of Minnesota. Its owners have proposed numerous expansion projects, but have been hampered by safety concerns due to the mall’s proximity to an airport.4. In line 1, antecedents most probably means ________.

A、designers

B、planners

C、predecessors

D、role models

5、【单选题】Which of the following questions CANNOT be explicitly answered on the basis of the passage?

A、Who designed the Southdale Center Mall in Minnesota?

B、Why was the Country Club Plaza automobile-centered?

C、What are three examples of historical marketplaces?

D、Where is the Galleria Vittoria Emanuele?

6、【单选题】How was the Country Club Plaza different from an urban shopping district?

A、It consisted of many more stores.

B、It was built by one company that leased space and oversaw operations.

C、It was enclosed.

D、It had both retail stores and restaurants, and offered areas for community programs.

7、【单选题】According to the passage, how did Southdale expand the notion of the shopping mall?

A、It added an amusement park.

B、It was intended to be a substitute for the traditional city center.

C、It was the first to rise above two stories.

D、It was designed with more parking spaces than any previous shopping mall.

8、【单选题】According to the last paragraph but one , which is the only activity visitors to the West Edmonton Mall cannot enjoy?

A、riding an amusement park ride

B、gambling in a casino

C、visiting animals in a zoo

D、playing miniature golf

9、【单选题】What is NOT a probable reason for the proposed expansion of the Mall of America?

A、to compete for visitors with the Mall of Arabia

B、to keep it closer in size to the other megamalls

C、so it can employ more people

D、to attract more tourists

Responding to Reading

Enumeration and exemplification

1、【填空题】Read the passage and indicate if each of the underlined part is an example of enumeration or exemplification. Write EN for enumeration, and EX for exemplification. From sunscreens to protective clothing, be smart about tanningSandra Guy - For the Sun-Times Could tanning be today’s glamorous cancer trigger, (A) much like cigarettes that were, in their heyday, marketed as sexy and sophisticated?Yes, say dermatologists and skin-cancer specialists.Indeed, the rate at which people are getting malignant melanoma — the most aggressive and life-threatening skin cancer — has skyrocketed to one in 50 people, compared with one in 1,500 nearly 90 years ago, says Dr. Sigrun Hallmeyer, a melanoma specialist at Advocate Medical Group. “It’s a striking increase,” she said. “It’s now the fastest-rising human malignancy, especially affecting young people.”And the incidence rate is still on the increase.How could this happen in (B) an age of smartphones, chat bots and digital assistants that offer information overload? After all, the key ways to prevent sun damage in adults are to wear a hat and protective clothing and apply a sunscreen with at least a 40 sun protection factor (SPF) that includes active chemical ingredients (C) such as oxybenzone, octinoxate, octisalate and avobenzone, says Trisha Calvo, deputy editor for health at Consumer Reports. The ingredients create a chemical reaction and work by changing ultraviolet (UV) rays into heat, then releasing that heat from the skin. “We recommend this for two reasons: (D) First, because in our [Consumer Reports] tests, we found that some sunscreens tested below the SPF number listed on the label,” Calvo says. “And second, because in our tests over the years, we have consistently found that mineral sunscreens perform less well than those with chemical active ingredients.”Sunbathers should liberally apply at least one ounce of sunscreen — roughly the size of one’s palm — over their bodies and reapply it every two hours, the experts say.(E) For children from six months to three years old, Dr. Adam Friedman, an associate professor of dermatology, says it’s best to use a sunscreen with mineral blockers such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide because chemicals can irritate babies’ and toddlers’ skin.For children ages 3 and up, and for teens, use sunscreens with both chemical and mineral blockers to maximize the effectiveness, said Friedman, who also serves as residency program director and director of translational research in the Department of Dermatology at The George Washington University School of Medicine Health Sciences in Washington, D.C.The broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against both UVB and UVA exposure, as the latter penetrates the skin more deeply than does UVB exposure, says Dr. Lynne C. Napatalung, a dermatologist at the Illinois Dermatology Institute in Chicago and Buffalo Grove.UVA is more important for contributing to wrinkles by degrading or breaking down collagen, Napatalung says.The most effective protection is (F) to stay in the shade, cover children’s strollers, protect children’s bodies with clothing as much as possible and be vigilant, the doctors agreed.“Sun protection should start at the first moments of life,” Friedman says. “Caregivers need to be diligent. A bad sunburn can be life-threatening for a baby.”问题1 填空 (2分)(A) is: ____. ‍

A、

2、【填空题】(B) is: ____.

A、

3、【填空题】‍(C) is: ____.

A、

4、【填空题】(D) is: ____.

A、

5、【填空题】(E) is: ____.

A、

6、【填空题】(F) is: ____.

A、

Distinguishing facts from opinions

1、【单选题】Opinions are one person’s, or perhaps one group’s ________.

A、views

B、observations

C、theories

D、concepts

2、【多选题】How can readers distinguish factual statements from opinions?

A、Facts can be proved.

B、Facts are easily agree-on ideas or are concepts that are held by everyone.

C、Facts are based on direct evidence or actual observation.

D、Predictions can be Facts.

3、【多选题】How can readers identify opinions?

A、Statements of opinion cannot be conclusively verified.

B、Opinions are often an expression of someone’s values, personal beliefs, attitudes or feelings.

C、Opinions are often subjective.

D、Statements of opinions often begin with “I believe”, “It appears”, “It seems”, etc.

4、【判断题】To determine whether the ideas are accurate, logical or unsupported, illogical, readers should be able to distinguish facts from opinions.

A、正确

B、错误

5、【判断题】It is impossible for a single word to turn a statement of facts into a statement of opinion.

A、正确

B、错误

Drawing conclusions

1、【单选题】A conclusion is a ________ that readers make after considering all the information given in a text.

A、guess

B、decision

C、choice

D、statement

2、【多选题】Drawing conclusion should be based on ________ given by the author.

A、clues

B、facts

C、details

D、information

3、【判断题】When readers are drawing conclusions, they need to pay attention to the evidence used to support the claims.

A、正确

B、错误

4、【判断题】When readers are drawing conclusions, they should not use the prior knowledge.

A、正确

B、错误

5、【判断题】Readers can use the graphic organizers help them draw conclusions for the text.

A、正确

B、错误