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中国大学MOOC《医学英语视听说》（慕课）作业答案

《医学英语视听说》（慕课）

学校: 九八五题库

学校: 超星学习通

题目如下：

1. 1. AV Clip 10: A Cup of Coffee a Day Keeps the Reaper away AV 10 Cup of Coffee a Day Keeps the Reaper Away.mp4 Watch the video clip three times and complete the following passage by filling in each blank with the word from the video clip. Americans drink about 400 million cups of coffee per day and new research suggests that our love might be (1)_________. Coffee drinking may actually lower the odds of having a stroke. Researchers in Great Britain (2)________ nearly 23,000 people who were healthy at the start of the study. Over the next 11 years, people who (3)_______ coffee were 27% less likely to experience a stroke than those who did not drink coffee, even after (4)__________ for other lifestyle habits such as smoking, exercise and tea drinking. Decaffeinated coffee appeared to offer the same benefit. So doctors say it’s not the caffeine that is causing the (5)________ in death risk. They suspect the antioxidants in coffee could lower (6)___________ in blood vessels, but more study is needed to confirm it. In the meantime, experts say people shouldn’t start drinking coffee to help the (7)____________ and they warned that too much caffeine can cause insomnia and heart(8)__________. But for those who are already coffee lovers, it appears it’s bottoms-up.

答案: rewarded# tracked# consumed# accounting# reduction# inflammation# circulation# palpitations

2. 1. AV Clip 16: Smoking and Mental Decline AV 16 Smoking & Mental Decline.avi Watch the video clip three times and complete the following passage by filling in each blank with the word from the video clip. Cigarette smoking has long been associated with many serious health risks, including (1)______________ disease, stroke and cancer. Now new research shows that cigarette smoking may also be (2)________ to increase mental decline with age. Researchers from National Institute for Public Health and (3)____________ in the Netherland studied nearly 2,000 men and women aged 43 to 70 years. They gave (4)___________ cognitive tests, once at the beginning of the study, and then again five years later. The result shows that mental decline among smokers was 1.9 times greater for (5)__________ function, 2.4 times greater for mental (6)__________ and 1.7 times greater for overall cognitive ability. In the U.S., nearly 25% men and 18% women are still smokers. The researchers suggest that smokers who (7)________ their habit at any age may be able to postpone the (8)________ of cognitive decline as they grow older.

答案: cardiovascular# linked# Environment# participants# memory# flexibility# kick# effects

3. 1. AV Clip 23: Walking to Better Health Watch the video clip three times and complete the following passage by filling in each blank with the word from the video clip. Intense physical exercise is not the only way to better health. Studies show that walking several times a week can slow the risk of many diseases. They include heart disease, (1)______ , diabetes, bone loss, arthritis and depression. Walking also can help you lose weight. Fast walking is good for the heart. It (2)_______the blood pressure. It raises the amount of good (3)_________in the blood. Researchers say walking can (4)_______reduce the risk of suffering a heart attack. Studies have shown that walking for thirty minutes a day can (5)______and possibly prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. People who are overweight have an (6)________high risk to develop this disease. Walking strengthens the muscles and builds up the bones that they are (7)________to. Studies show that women who walked and took calcium decreased their risk of developing(8)___________, or thinning of the bones. Walking can also help ease the pain of arthritis in areas where bones are joined. This is because walking (9)___________the muscles around the bones. Walking several times a week is a good way to control weight and lose (10)_______body fat. Studies show it can also help ease the sad feelings of depression. Experts say walking is one of the (11)_________ways to exercise. There is a low risk of (12)_______. So it is good for people who are starting an exercise program for the first time and for older people.

答案: stroke# lowers# cholesterol# sharply# delay# especially# attached# osteoporosis# strengthens# extra# safest# injuries

4. 1. AV Clip 17: Fitness or Fatness AV 17 Fitness or Fatness.avi Watch the video clip three times and complete the following passage by filling in each blank with the word from the video clip. Researches released tonight suggest that a person’s fitness may matter more than his or her fatness. Obesity is (1)________to a higher risk of death but new findings indicate that the lack of exercise is a greater health risk than the extra (2)__________. Doctors of Copan Clinics in Taxes tracked 2,600 senior adults for an average of 12 years. Participants (3)___________an exercise test on the treadmill to determine their level of cardiovascular fitness. The result showed that (4)_________obese individuals had more than double the rate of death as normal weight people, but not after doctors took exercise into (5)_______. Once they are affected in fitness levels, researchers found that fit individuals, even they were obese, have a lower risk of death than (6)_______, unfit people. Experts said the problem is that obesity makes it much harder to be fit. It limits (7)________and puts extra stress on the joints. But they also conclude that people of all sizes should focus on increasing physical activity even if they don't (8)_________ any pounds.

答案: linked# pounds# underwent# overall# account# lean# mobility# shed

5. 1. Audiovisual Task 1： True/False Questions: Watch the video clip and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F) according to the information from the video clip. AV 4 The Impacts of Diet The study focused on female twins to understand the benefits of the Mediterranean diet.

答案: 错误

6. 2. The Mediterranean diet is associated with increased heart rate variability (HRV).

答案: 正确

7. 3. High heart rate variability (HRV) is linked to a higher risk of heart disease.

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8. 4. The Mediterranean diet includes low saturated fats and high content of fruits, vegetables, olive oil, fish, and nuts.

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9. 5. The study was conducted by researchers from Indiana University at Bloomington.

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10. 1. AV Clip 5: The Importance of Water Listen to a passage three times and while listening, you are to put the missing word in each numbered blank according to what you hear. Experts say water is important for many reasons. Between fifty-five and seventy-five percent of the body is water. Water in blood carries (1)__________ and antibodies through the body. Water in urine carries away waste materials. Water is needed for (2)_________ the body on hot days, and when we are working or exercising. Water carries body heat to the surface of the skin. There, the heat is lost through (3)____________. Health experts say adults should drink about two liters of water a day to (4)________ all the water lost in liquid wastes and perspiration. They say people should drink more than that in hot weather. Experts say it is important to drink before, during and after (5)________. They say we should drink water even before we start to feel like we need something to drink. During hot weather, cool liquids are best. Also, (6)________ sweet drinks and alcohol. We need to add that doctors also say it is possible to drink too much water. Some people, for example, do this if they exercise hard during a (7) _______ wave. Experts with the Mayo Clinic say drinking too much water can cause hyponatremia. In this condition, the level of (8) ______ in the blood falls too low. The result is that the amount of water in the body increases. This causes cells to become larger. Mayo Clinic experts say the (9)________ cells can cause a person to become sick or (10)________. They also can interfere with mental ability, make (11)________ weak and cause pain in the head. In a mild case, simply reducing fluids may be all that the person needs. But medical help is necessary if the condition is more(12) _________.

答案：请关注【九八五题库】微信公众号，发送题目获取正确答案。

11. 1. AV Clip 3: Recovery from stroke AV 3 Recovery From Stroke.mp4 Watch the video clip three times and complete the following passage by filling in each blank with the word from the video clip. More than 750,000 Americans suffer a stroke each year. The odds of recovery depend on many factors including the person’s age, (1) ________ of the stroke, and how quickly they can get treatment. About half of stroke patients recover (2) _______ well so they can live independently or with only limited assistance. But even those who make a swift recovery can experience a (3) _________ decline in the five years following their stroke, new research finds. Doctors at Columbia University studied 525 patients who had suffered a stroke and rated them (4) ___________ on their ability to do daily tasks such as climbing stairs, getting (5) ____________, and eating meals. Even among those who had recovered they found the odds of living independently decreased by nine percent per year while the rate of (6) __________ increased by eleven percent per year. Patients who had private insurance or Medicare (7) ___________ better than those with no insurance or Medicaid. Researchers say strokes should be treated as chronic conditions. Patients may need ongoing physical (8) _________ and help managing their blood pressure and other risk factors.

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12. 1. Task: Audio-visual Exercises AV Clip 6: Cutting risks of Heart Failure AV 6 Cutting Risks of Heart Failure.mp4 Watch the video clip three times and complete the following passage by filling in each blank with the word from the video clip. More than 5 million Americans are living with heart failure, and 600,000 new cases are (1) ____________ each year. Men can cut their risk of heart failure but remaining (2) ___________ and fit, say researchers from the Brigham and Women’s Hospital who did the study (3) __________ 21,000 middle-aged and senior men for two decades. Those who (4) ___________ a normal body weigh and got regular physical exercise had the lowest odds of developing heart failure while men who are inactive (5) _________ their risk by nineteen percent. Overweight men had an even greater increased risk, forty-nine percent. But those who were both inactive and (6) ______ increased their risk by the most, by almost three hundred percent. The good news is that men can lower their odds of heart failure with even (7) _________ levels of exercise. The study found that breaking a sweat just three per month reduced men’s risk by eighteen percent while (8) __________ exercise twice a week double the benefit, slashing heart failure odds by thirty-six percent.

答案：请关注【九八五题库】微信公众号，发送题目获取正确答案。

13. 1. AV Clip 10: cause 6 AV 10 Autism Linked to Obesity in Pregnancy.avi Watch the video clip three times and complete each statement according to the information from the video clip. New study out tonight that we mentioned at the top of the broadcast raises （1）_____________ questions about the possible link between obesity in mothers and autism in their children. NBC News chief science correspondent Robert Bazell has our report. Here’s one more piece of the （2）_________________ puzzle called autism. Scientists have found that women who are obese are （3）______________________ as likely to have a baby with autism or some other developmental disorder, and （4）_________________ as likely if they have diabetes. But they emphasize the study of the mothers of about 1,000 kids is an observation, not scientific proof of cause and effect. "If you are planning a pregnancy, you might think about losing weight and getting your exercise routine in order, and making sure you are controlling your （5）_____________________."said Dr. Irva Hertz Picioto of University of Californian, Davis. Dr. Anna Sanchez, an obstetrician in St. Joseph Hospital in Orange County, California, has been working for years to get pregnant women to get their weight under control. Because overweight Moms can have kids with many health problems, these latest results only add a （6）______________________________. “If people are overweight when they start the pregnancy, then they should gain less than the recommended weight gain,” said Ana Sanchez of St. Joseph Hospital of Orange. That’s a tall order when two thirds of American women are already overweight and half of those are （7）_____________________. Even if obesity and diabetes were found to be causes of autism, experts say that would still account for only a （8）________________ of the cases. By studying the possible connection, scientists hope to learn more about what causes autism and ways to reduce the risk.

答案：请关注【九八五题库】微信公众号，发送题目获取正确答案。

14. 1. AV Clip 18: AV 18.mp4 Watch the video clip three times and complete the following passage by filling in each blank with the word from the video clip. One of the most common reasons that we get called in for services is parents or families may see certain behaviors that they really want to get rid of. Whether we're talking about (1)__________, physical (2)_______________, self-injury...any of these types of behaviors. It's always important to remember that behavior always serves a purpose there's always a reason that it's occurring and our job is to figure out why this behavior is occurring. Well some people may say that, you know, ABA can (3)____________ a child of autism or really (4)___________any problem that they may have. Giving parents a leading role in the (5)_________of ABA services is one of the most important things that we can do. Allowing parents to have the skills that they need to (6)____________teach new skills and respond to undesirable behaviors is one of the most critical elements of our service provision. (7)___________the parents and the family these skills allow them to communicate more effectively and (8) ____________with their child. And realistically we, as therapists, can come in for (9)_________________, but it's the parents and the family that are spending (10)__________________ of time with a child. Giving them the critical skills that they need can have the most effect and create the most impact on these child's lives.

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15. 1. Watching the video clip three times to fill in the missing words: AV 17 Medication Errors.mp4. Every year, 4 million people end up in the (1)_________ room or a doctor’s office because they get the wrong medicine or the wrong (2) ______ The Institute of Medicine says one and a half million of these mistakes are (3)_______. It is the FDA's job to make sure medicines are safe, but now the agency is concerned about whether patients are taking their medicines as directed. “We have an overarching responsibility to assure that medicines are used safely,” said Dr. Margaret Hamburg, FDA Commissioner. As a part of its Safe Use Initiative, FDA will hold public meetings to ask doctors, pharmacists, patients, drug makers and others about solutions to things like patients’ overdosing on acetaminophen when they mix over-the-counter and (4)________ drugs, doctors prescribing the wrong medicine, pharmacists giving the wrong pills and one of the most common mistakes: parents who don't properly measure liquid medications for their kids. “Even if we have that dosing device attached to the bottle, some parents will still reach for the teaspoon," said Dr. Janet Woodcock, FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. The FDA has made efforts to prevent errors like putting black box warnings on drugs, but officials admit even healthcare workers don’t always read them. “Simply putting out a warning (5)_____ does not insure that information necessarily translate into the safe and effective use,” said Dr. Margaret Hamburg. The agency wants to make a (6)______ of drugs most likely to be misused, (7) _______ exactly how that happened, create specific solutions, and then measure whether those solutions are working. FDA commissioner says this new effort is an attempt to be proactive, to go beyond just regulating medicine and make sure people use their medicines (8)_________.

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